San Luis, Colorado

San Luis, the county seat of Costilla County, is located on Colorado Highway 159 in the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado, about 35 miles southeast of Alamosa. A picturesque little town, it lies at the mouth of the valley of the Ventero, at the foot of Culebra Peak. San Luis was part of the Sangre de Cristo Land Grant, originally owned by Carlos Beaubien (who was also one of the original grantees of the Maxwell (Beaubien-Miranda) Land Grant). He convinced 50 families to move here and San Luis was officially founded on April 9, 1851. While it is the oldest surviving settlement in Colorado, it was not the first.

The setting of San Luis is beautiful: surrounded by lush green fields at the foot of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains on the east. Just to the south and east of San Pedro Mesa is Sanchez Reservoir and Sanchez State Wildlife Area. Just to the west are the San Luis Hills with the San Juan Mountains acting as a backdrop. To the north is the Blanca Massif.

The Sangre de Cristo Land Grant covered the whole of what is now Costilla County. San Luis is at the opening of the valley of Culebra Creek into the greater San Luis Valley. The first settlers actually started out up the Culebra from San Luis, closer to the mountains where there was more timber, firewood, wildlife, water for irrigation and fields to irrigate. This was a communal situation and the People's Ditch was the first public works project in Colorado. Over the years they spread out more in the valley of the Culebra, founding Chama, San Pablo, San Francisco, San Acacio, Mesita, and San Luis.